Simulation of an IoT system for environmental monitoring in controlled crops using Wokwi and Adafruit IO

Abstract

Modern agriculture faces the challenge of adopting technologies that enhance productivity and environmental control, particularly in rural areas where access to advanced solutions is limited. In this context, small-scale production units require efficient monitoring systems to optimize critical variables such as temperature and humidity. This study presents the design and simulation of an accessible IoT platform for monitoring these variables in controlled agricultural environments, using the Wokwi and Adafruit IO tools. The proposed system integrates the DHT22 sensor, which provides accurate and low-cost measurements, with the ESP32 microcontroller, offering built-in Wi-Fi connectivity. Real-time data transmission is achieved through the MQTT protocol, known for its lightweight structure and efficiency in low-bandwidth networks. The system was virtually validated through simulations on the Wokwi platform prior to physical implementation. Adafruit IO was used for remote data reception and visualization. This solution offers a practical, scalable, and cost-effective alternative aimed at strengthening agricultural management through the adoption of emerging technologies.