Materiales activados alcalinamente reforzados con fibras bajo exposición térmica y química: revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47796/ing.v8i00.1526Palabras clave:
activación alcalina, ataque químico, degradación, exposición térmica, fibrasResumen
Los materiales activados alcalinamente reforzados con fibras constituyen una alternativa para reducir la huella de carbono de la construcción y mejorar el control de fisuras; sin embargo, su desempeño puede modificarse bajo exposiciones térmicas y químicas. Esta revisión tuvo como objetivo sintetizar la evidencia sobre su comportamiento frente a altas temperaturas, ácidos, sulfatos, cloruros y ambientes marinos, e identificar vacíos de validación. Se realizó una revisión sistemática conforme a PRISMA 2020, mediante 11 estrategias de búsqueda en OpenAlex, verificación en Crossref y rastreo de referencias, considerando estudios publicados entre 2005 y 2025. Se incluyeron 30 estudios primarios: 19 sobre exposición térmica y 11 sobre exposición química o ambiental. Los resultados muestran que el desempeño depende de la química del gel, contenido de calcio, humedad, porosidad, estabilidad de la fibra e interfaz fibra-matriz. Las fibras poliméricas pueden aliviar la presión de vapor, pero pierden capacidad de puenteo; el acero conserva actividad mecánica a temperaturas elevadas, con riesgos de oxidación e incompatibilidad térmica; y las fibras minerales y naturales presentan respuestas dependientes de la matriz. Se concluye que no existe un desempeño térmico o químico universal y que se requieren ensayos de exposición acoplada, bajo carga y a escala estructural para sustentar criterios de diseño.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Gabriel Jesús Montúfar Chiriboga
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
